The correct answer is option B. Statements A, B and D are completely correct, while statement C is false. According to Article 169, the proposal for creation or abolition of the Legislative Council must be passed by the Legislative Assembly of the concerned state with a special majority (majority of the total number of members and 2/3 majority of the members present and voting), and not by simple majority. After this, the Parliament gives its final form by passing it with its simple majority (50% + 1). Under Article 168(2), bicameral system exists in 6 states of India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana). The amendment thus made by the Parliament is not considered a constitutional amendment under Article 368.

The correct answer is option D because statement D is false. The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act 2023 (Nari Shakti Vandan Act) provides for 33% reservation for women in the Assemblies and Lok Sabha, but this provision will be effective only after the delimitation after the census, and not with immediate effect. Options A, B and C are completely correct. According to Article 170, there is a minimum rule of 60 seats, but Sikkim (32), Puducherry (30), Goa (40) and Mizoram (40) are exceptions to this. By the 84th Amendment, seats have been frozen till 2026 on the basis of 1971 census and by the 104th Amendment, SC/ST reservation has been extended till 2030.

The correct answer is option A (A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1). Article 171(3) prescribes the formula of 1/3, 1/3, 1/12, 1/12, 1/6 for the composition of the Legislative Council. 1/3 of the total members are elected by representatives of local bodies; 1/3rd is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) from among persons who are not members of the Legislative Assembly; 1/12 part by 3 year old graduates; 1/12 part by teachers who have been teaching for 3 years in secondary schools or higher educational institutions; And 1/6th part is nominated by the Governor from among the persons having special experience in the field of literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and C are correct, while statement D is incorrect. Under Article 172(2), the Legislative Council is a permanent house which cannot be dissolved, but under Article 169 it can be completely abolished by the Parliament. This difference differentiates it from Rajya Sabha (Rajya Sabha can neither be dissolved nor abolished). During emergency, Parliament can extend the tenure of the Assembly by one year at a time by making a law, which automatically becomes ineffective after 6 months of the emergency being lifted. The tenure of the 5th Assembly of Rajasthan was extended due to emergency.

The correct answer is option B. Under Article 190 (1) of the Constitution and related rules, if a person is elected to both the Houses of the State Legislature, he has to resign the membership of one House within 10 days, otherwise one of his seats becomes vacant. Option A is wrong because the minimum age is 25 years for Assembly and 30 years for Legislative Council. Option C is incorrect because under Article 190(2) a person cannot be a member of the legislature of two or more states simultaneously. Option D is incorrect because according to the Representation of the People Act 1951, minimum imprisonment of 2 years or more is required for disqualification.

The correct answer is option B. Statements A, C and D are true, while statement B is false. According to Article 196(3), upon prorogation, only the agenda or pending motions lapse, the pending bills in the House do not lapse. Adjournment and adjournment sine die of the meeting is done by the presiding officer (Speaker), while adjournment and adjournment of the meeting is done by the Governor. Under Article 176, the Governor's 'special address' is mandatory at the beginning of the first session after the general elections and the first session of every year.

The correct answer is option A. Under Article 177, the Advocate General of the state and every minister have the full right to speak and participate in the proceedings of any House of the Legislature (Assembly or Legislative Council) and the meetings of the committees of the Legislature, but the Advocate General does not have the right to vote under any circumstances. A minister can participate and speak in the proceedings of the other House, but can vote only in the House of which he is a member. The Advocate General can be nominated as a member of the Legislative Committee, but cannot vote there either.

The correct answer is option B. Statements B, C and D are correct, but statement A is false. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Assembly do not take the oath of office separately; Only the oath taken as a Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) is valid. Under Article 179, the proposal to remove the Chairman/Vice Chairman must be passed by the majority of all the then existing members, for which it is mandatory to give 14 days' prior notice and standing support of at least 50 members. According to Article 181, when the motion for removal is under consideration, the Speaker does not preside, but is entitled to speak as an ordinary member and to vote in the first instance (cannot give a casting vote). The salaries and allowances are mentioned in the Second Schedule and are charged on the Consolidated Fund.

The correct answer is option A (A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2). Narottam Lal Joshi was the first Speaker of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (1952-1957) and the first motion for his removal from the post was brought against him. Ramnivas Mirdha remained the president for the longest tenure (10 years, 1957-1967). Maharawal Laxman Singh (Dungarpur) became the first non-Congress Assembly Speaker in the 6th Assembly in 1977. Mrs. Sumitra Singh became the first woman Assembly Speaker of Rajasthan in 2003 (12th Assembly). So far, there have been 6 proposals to remove the presidents in Rajasthan, but all have been unsuccessful.

The correct answer is option B. Statements A, B and D are correct, but statement C is incorrect. The term 'Protem Speaker' is not clearly mentioned anywhere in the Indian Constitution; This is a parliamentary tradition. The Governor appoints the senior most member of the Assembly as the Protem Speaker and administers the oath. Its function is to administer oath to new members under Article 188. Maharao Sangram Singh was the first Protem Speaker in Rajasthan (1952). Poonam Chand Vishnoi has been the Protem Speaker for the maximum number of 3 times and he is the only person to hold all the three posts of President, Vice President and Protem Speaker. Kalicharan Saraf became the Protem Speaker in the 16th Assembly (2023).

The correct answer is option C. According to Article 189(3), the quorum is 1/10 (10%) of the total number of members or 10 members (whichever is higher). 10% of the total 200 seats of Rajasthan Assembly i.e. minimum 20 members are required for quorum. Option A is false (occurs 1/10). Option B is false because under Article 193, the penalty/fine for sitting or voting in the House without taking oath is ₹ 500 per day. Option D is false because the Speaker/Chairman does not give prima facie vote, he gives casting vote only in case of equality of votes in favor and opposition.

The correct answer is option B. Statements A, B and D are true, but statement C is false. The privilege obtained under Article 194 includes exemption from arrest for 40 days before and 40 days after the session in civil cases; this exemption is not available in criminal or preventive detention cases. Under Article 192, the Governor takes the decision on disqualification after considering the opinion of the Election Commission. The Speaker decides on the 10th Schedule (defection). In March 2024, a 7-judge bench of the Supreme Court rejected the waiver of privilege for voting in the House by taking bribe in the Sita Soren case.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and C are correct, while statement D is false. There is no constitutional provision for a joint session in case of disagreement on an ordinary bill in the state legislature. When there is a deadlock between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in the Parliament, a joint meeting is held under Article 108, but this is not the case in the states. Here the assembly has supremacy; The Legislative Council can stop the bill only for 3 months in the first instance and 1 month in the second instance (total maximum of 4 months). After this, the bill as passed by the Assembly is automatically considered passed by both the Houses.

The correct answer is option C. According to Article 199(3), the final and conclusive decision as to whether a bill is a Money Bill or not is taken by the Speaker of the Assembly. Option A is incorrect because a Money Bill can be introduced only in the Assembly and only on the recommendation of the Governor. Option B is incorrect because the Legislative Council cannot amend or reject a Money Bill; She can only give recommendations and can hold for a maximum of 14 days. Option D is wrong because a money bill is brought with the prior approval of the Governor, hence the Governor cannot return it for reconsideration (either assent or withholding).

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and D are correct, but statement C is incorrect. In India, the President has a pocket veto (not taking decisions indefinitely) (Article 111), but in the states, the Governor is not considered to have the provision of pocket veto. According to Article 200, if the Bill reduces/affects the powers of the High Court, it is mandatory for the President to reserve it. Apart from this, it can also be reserved if it is against the Directive Principles of State Policy, is against national importance, or is against the larger national interest. The Governor is bound to sign the bill passed again after reconsideration.

The correct answer is option A (A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2). Under Article 202, the Governor prepares the 'Annual Financial Statement' (Budget) for every financial year (there is no word 'Budget' in the Constitution). Article 203 deals with the procedure for demands for grants, in which expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund is only discussed and not voted on. Article 204 provides for 'Appropriation Bill' to withdraw money from the Consolidated Fund. Article 206(a) provides for 'Vote on Account' for advance expenditure until the process of passing the budget is completed.

The correct answer is option C. Under the Constitution, the salaries and allowances of the High Court judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of the concerned State (Article 202(3)), but their pension is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India (Article 112(3)). Option A is false because burdened expenditure can be discussed in the legislature, but it cannot be voted on. Option D is false because no cut motion can be brought on burdened expenditure.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and C are correct, but statement D is false. Zero Hour (12 to 1 o'clock) is an informal contribution of Indian parliamentary procedure (since 1962), but it is neither mentioned in the Constitution nor in the Rules of Procedure of the Legislature/Parliament. During Question Hour, answers to starred questions are oral and supplementary questions can be asked (14 days' notice). Unstarred questions are answered in writing and supplementary questions cannot be asked. Short notice questions are asked orally at less than 14 days' notice.

The correct answer is option A (A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1). A no-confidence motion is brought only in the Assembly; It is not necessary to give reasons for this and in Rajasthan it requires signature/support of minimum 40 members (20%). Adjournment motion (Rule 50) is brought on a matter of immediate public importance, which requires the support of 20 members. In a censure motion it is mandatory to give reasons for specific policies/actions; If it is passed, the government does not fall but moral pressure is created. Policy Cut: In the budget grant demands, the amount is reduced to ₹ 1 as a protest against the policy.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and C are true, but statement D is false. According to parliamentary rules, no minister can be elected member or chairman of financial committees (Public Accounts, Estimates 'A', Estimates 'B', Public Undertakings Committee). If a member becomes a minister after winning a committee election, his committee membership automatically ceases. The Public Accounts Committee was first formed in Rajasthan on 10 April 1952. Financial committees have a maximum of 15 members and their tenure is 1 year.

The correct answer is option A. According to the Rajasthan Assembly Rules, the Speaker is the ex-officio chairman of three committees – (1) Rules Committee, (2) Business Advisory/Business Advisory Committee (BAC), and (3) General Purpose Committee. Option B is incorrect (Chief Minister can be a member of the Business Advisory Committee, not the Chairman). Option C is incorrect because the Petitions Committee is called the “Ombudsman Committee of the Assembly”, its Chairman is appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly. Option D is incorrect because the Chairman of the Committee on Private Bills is the ex-officio Deputy Speaker of the Assembly.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and D are true, while statement C is false. According to Article 54 of the Constitution, only elected members of both Houses of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies participate in the electoral college of the President; Members of the Legislative Council do not participate in the Presidential election. Similarly, Rajya Sabha members are also elected only by the MLAs of the Legislative Assembly. Therefore, the Legislative Council is a very powerless house which only has the power to stop the ordinary bill for 4 months and the money bill for 14 days.

The correct answer is option A. Statements A, B and C are true, but statement D is false. In the first general elections of 1952, 4 women (Chiranji Devi, Virendrabai, Shantabai, Rani Devi) contested the elections, but all four of them lost the elections. No woman could become an MLA in 1952. Yashoda Devi became the first woman MLA of Rajasthan by winning the Banswara by-election in November 1953. After the merger of Ajmer-Merwara in 1956, the seats increased from 160 to 190 and Kamla Beniwal became the first woman minister of the state. Maximum 17 by-elections were held in the first assembly.

The correct answer is option A. The 'Swatantra Party' (election symbol: Star), formed in 1959 by C. Rajagopalachari, was a party of feudal lords and kings, which played the role of the main opposition party in the 3rd Assembly (36 seats) and 4th Assembly (48 seats); Its leader in the state was Maharani Gayatri Devi. Option B is incorrect because the first President's rule was imposed during the 4th Assembly (1967) and not the 3rd. Option C is wrong because Sukhadiya had become CM for the first time in 1954 itself. Option D is incorrect because the posts of Minister of State and Parliamentary Secretary were created for the first time in 1967.

The correct answer is option D (A, B, C and D are all true). After delimitation, the number of seats was increased from 184 to 200 from the 6th Assembly (1977). In the 1977 elections, the Janata Party won 151 seats and formed the first non-Congress government in the state; Bhairo Singh Shekhawat became the first non-Congress CM and Maharawal Laxman Singh became the first non-Congress President. In 1980, after the change of government at the Centre, the 6th Assembly was dissolved prematurely and for the first time mid-term elections were held in the state, due to which the 7th Assembly was formed.

The correct answer is option A (A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1). The first President's rule (1967 - 45 days) was imposed in the 4th Assembly during the tenure of Mohanlal Sukhadia due to unclear majority. Second President's rule (1977 – 53 days) led to the dismissal of the Haridev Joshi government by the Janata Party government at the Centre. The third President's rule (1980 – 109 days) led to the dismissal of the Bhairo Singh Shekhawat government by the Indira Gandhi government at the Centre. Fourth President's rule (1992–93 – 353 days, longest period) was aimed at dismissing the Bhairo Singh Shekhawat government after the demolition of Babri Masjid.

The correct answer is option D (A, B, C and D are all true). In the 11th assembly elections of 1998, Congress won 153 seats (Ashok Gehlot became CM for the first time) and in this election, EVM was used experimentally for the first time in 5 assembly constituencies. In the 12th Assembly elections of 2003, EVMs were used in 100% seats in the entire state and Vasundhara Raje became the first woman CM. There was a wonderful historical coincidence during the 12th Assembly when all the three top positions of Governor (Mrs. Pratibha Patil), Chief Minister (Mrs. Vasundhara Raje) and Speaker of the Assembly (Mrs. Sumitra Singh) of the state were held by women.

The correct answer is option D (all the above statements are true). In the 2013 14th Assembly elections, BJP won a record 163 seats, the highest number of seats won by any political party in the history of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (Kailash Meghwal won with the highest margin of votes). In both the 13th (2008) and 14th (2013) Assemblies, 28-28 women MLAs were elected, which is the highest figure till date. In the 15th Assembly elections of 2018, there was a total of 74.69% voting, in which Jaisalmer was at the top and Pali was at the minimum.

The correct answer is option D (all statements are true). Voting for the 16th Assembly was held on 25 November 2023 on 199 seats. After adjournment, by-election was held on 5 January 2024 on Srikaranpur seat, where Rupendra Singh Kunnar won. The final party standings were BJP 115, Congress 70, Bharat Adivasi Party (BAP) 3, BSP 2, RLD 1, RLPA 1 and Independents 8. The total turnout was 75.45% which was 0.73% more than the 15th Assembly (74.69%). The voting percentage in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. NOTA was used by 0.96% (3,82,066 votes) of voters.

The correct answer is option A (A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1). In the 16th Assembly, Bhajanlal Sharma (Sanganer seat) became the new Chief Minister of Rajasthan and Diya Kumari and Premchand Bairwa became the Deputy Chief Ministers. Vasudev Devnani (Ajmer North) was elected Speaker of the Assembly. Kalicharan Saraf (Malaviya Nagar) was appointed Protem Speaker by Governor Kalraj Mishra. Ravindra Singh Bhati (25 years), who won the independent election from Shiv seat of Barmer, became the youngest MLA of the 16th Assembly. Diya Kumari (Vidyadhar Nagar – 71,368 votes) won with the highest margin of votes in the 16th Assembly.

The correct answer is option D (A, B, C and D are all true). By-elections were held on 7 seats of Rajasthan on 13 November 2024 (results came on 23 November 2024). Of these, BJP won 5 seats (Jhunjhunu- Revatram Daga, Salumber- Shanta Meena, Deoli-Uniara- Rajendra Gurjar, Ramgarh- Sukhwant Singh, Dausa- Deendayal Bairwa). Congress won eighty-four seats (Anil Katara) and RLP won Khinvsar seat (Prakash Beniwal). Earlier, BAP's Jaikrishna Patel had won the by-election from Bagidaura seat due to the resignation of Mahendrajit Singh Malviya.

The correct answer is option D because statement D is false. Of the 21 women MLAs elected in the 16th Assembly (2023), 7 women belong to the Scheduled Caste (SC) and 3 women belong to the Scheduled Tribe (ST). Options A, B and C are completely correct. All four women who contested in 1952 were defeated; The first woman MLA of the state was Yashoda Devi (1953). There were maximum 28-28 women in the 13th and 14th Assembly. There are 21 women MLAs in the 16th Assembly (10 BJP, 9 Congress, 2 Independents – Priyanka Chaudhary Barmer and Ritu Banawat Bayana).

The correct answer is option D (A, B, C and D are all true). The Leader of the Opposition is a statutory post (not mentioned in the Constitution), which has the same status as a cabinet minister. For this, it is necessary to have 10% of the total seats (20 seats). Jaswant Singh of Bikaner became the first opposition leader in the first assembly. Maharawal Laxman Singh of Dungarpur has been the leader of opposition for maximum 4 times. Bhairo Singh Shekhawat and Gulabchand Kataria were opposition leaders three times each. Vasundhara Raje became the first woman opposition leader in the 14th Assembly and Tikaram Julie (Alwar Rural) is the leader of the opposition in the current 16th Assembly.

The correct answer is option D (all statements are true). 62.10% voting took place in 25 seats of Rajasthan (4 SC: Bikaner, Ganganagar, Bharatpur, Karauli-Dholpur; 3 ST: Banswara, Dausa, Udaipur) in the 18th Lok Sabha elections 2024. In the results, BJP won 14 seats, while the opposition INDIA alliance won 11 seats (Congress 8, CPI(M) Amar Ram- Sikar 1, RLPA Hanuman Beniwal- Nagaur 1, Bharat Adivasi Party Rajkumar Roat- Banswara 1). The highest turnout was in Barmer seat (74.25%) and the lowest was in Karauli-Dholpur seat (49.25%).

The correct answer is option A (A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1). In the Modi Government 3.0 formed after the 18th Lok Sabha, 4 MPs from Rajasthan have got a place in the Council of Ministers: (1) Gajendra Singh Shekhawat (Jodhpur) - Union Minister of Culture and Tourism; (2) Bhupendra Yadav (Alwar) – Union Cabinet Minister for Forest, Environment and Climate Change and Labor and Employment; (3) Arjun Ram Meghwal (Bikaner) – Minister of State for Law and Justice (Independent Charge); (4) Bhagirath Chaudhary (Ajmer) – Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Apart from these, Ashwini Vaishnav of Pali origin (Rajya Sabha from Odisha) is a cabinet minister.

The correct answer is option D because statement D is false. Out of 25 seats in Rajasthan, only 3 women MPs have been elected in the 18th Lok Sabha (2024) - (1) Sanjana Jatav (Bharatpur - Congress), (2) Mahima Kumari Mewar (Rajsamand - BJP), and (3) Manju Sharma (Jaipur - BJP). Options A, B and C are absolutely true. Kota MP Om Birla has again become the Speaker of the Lok Sabha (the second Rajasthani after Balram Jakhar to do so). Sanjana Jatav became the youngest MP and Mahima Kumari Mewar won with the highest margin (3,92,223 votes) in the state (the minimum victory margin was Rao Rajendra Singh, Jaipur Rural - 1,615 votes).

The correct answer is option D (all statements are true). Of the 10 Rajya Sabha seats in Rajasthan, currently 5 are with Congress (Sonia Gandhi, Randeep Surjewala, Mukul Wasnik, Pramod Tiwari, Neeraj Dangi), 4 with BJP (Madan Rathore, Chunnilal Garasia, Ghanshyam Tiwari, Rajendra Gehlot). Sonia Gandhi has become the Rajya Sabha MP from Rajasthan from April 2024 and she is currently the only woman RS MP from the state. Narayan Singh Mankalav was the first Rajasthani to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha and Ramnath Poddar was the first elected Rajasthani. Ramnivas Mirdha and Jaswant Singh were Rajya Sabha MPs maximum 4 times each.

The correct answer is option A (A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1). Maharani Gayatri Devi (Jaipur, Swatantra Party) became the first woman Lok Sabha MP from Rajasthan in 1962. Sharda Bhargava became the first woman Rajya Sabha MP of the state in 1952 and she was a Rajya Sabha member for maximum 3 times (1952, 1956, 1963) and was also the Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. Dr. Girija Vyas was a Lok Sabha member four times and in 1991 P.V. She became the first woman from Rajasthan to become a Union Deputy Minister in the Narasimha Rao government. Sushila Bangaru (Jalore, 2004) became the first Scheduled Caste (SC) woman MP of the state (the first ST woman MP was Usha Devi Meena - Sawai Madhopur 1996).

The correct answer is option D (A, B, C and D are all true). Two MPs elected from Rajasthan have added to the glory of the post of Speaker of the Lok Sabha of the country. Dr. Balram Jakhar (while MP from Sikar) was the Speaker of the Lok Sabha for two consecutive full terms from 1980 to 1989. BJP MP from Kota-Bundi Om Birla was re-elected Speaker of the 18th Lok Sabha in June 2024 after 2019 (17th Lok Sabha). Balram Jakhar and Om Birla are the only two Speakers in Indian parliamentary history who have been elected Speaker for two consecutive terms.

The correct answer is option D because statement D is false. Jaisalmer and Rajsamand are such districts of Rajasthan where not a single seat is reserved for any SC or ST category in the Assembly (these are completely unreserved districts). Options A, B and C are completely correct. Jaipur has the maximum of 19 seats (Alwar has 11 seats); There are minimum 2-2 seats in Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh. Jaisalmer is the largest assembly constituency in area, while Sardulshahr of Sriganganagar is assembly seat number-01. All seats in Banswara, Dungarpur and Pratapgarh districts are reserved for ST category.