According to the historical data of Rajasthan Monsoon Report-2025 (IMD, Jaipur), the highest annual rainfall in the state in the 125-year history from 1901 to 2025 was recorded in the year 1917. In the year 1917, the state received extraordinary monsoon rainfall, far above normal, which is an all-time record. In contrast, good rainfall was recorded in the years 2021, 1988 and 2012, but they did not reach the historical level of 1917. India Meteorological Department (IMD) Jaipur center presents systematic analysis of rainfall and climate data of more than 100 years in all the districts of the state.

According to the Administrative Report 2024-25 (Indian Forest Survey Assessment 2023) of the Rajasthan Forest Department, the two districts with the lowest total forest cover area in the state are Churu and Hanumangarh. Only about 77 square km forest cover has been recorded in Churu district and about 89 square km forest cover in Hanumangarh. Geographically, due to the sandy expanse of the Thar Desert, extremely dry climate and low rainfall, the extent of natural vegetation in these districts is the least. Among other options, Jodhpur and Sriganganagar have more forest cover than Churu and Hanumangarh.

According to the Agricultural Statistics Report 2022-23, the highest area under maize cultivation in Rajasthan was recorded in Bhilwara district. Bhilwara and surrounding Mewar region provides medium black and red soil and favorable climatic conditions suitable for Kharif crop of maize. Although Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Banswara are also major traditional maize producing districts of Rajasthan, Bhilwara remained at the top position in terms of total sown area (hectares) in 2022-23.

To promote agro-based industries in the state, 4 Agrofood Parks have been developed by Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation (RIICO) which are located in Kota, Boranada (Jodhpur), Sriganganagar and Alwar (Fisheries Industrial Area), hence statements A and D are correct. Special Economic Zone (SEZ) for Gems and Jewelery is established in Sitapura (Jaipur), hence statement C is also correct. Statement B is incorrect because Japanese Industrial Zones have been established not in Bhiwadi but in Neemrana and Ghiloth in Alwar district.

Lasadiya Plateau is a highly eroded and dissected plateau situated to the east of Jaisamand Lake. After administrative reorganization this area comes under the newly formed Salumber (formerly Udaipur) district. This plateau is part of the south-eastern extension of the Aravalli range, whose altitude ranges between 360 to 620 metres. Faysagar Lake is located in Ajmer, Anupsagar Lake in Bikaner and Rajsamand Lake in Rajsamand district, which have no geographical connection with the Lasadiya Plateau.

According to the official data of Census 2011, the overall sex ratio of Rajasthan was recorded at 928 (females per 1000 males). In this, the sex ratio in rural areas was 933 and the sex ratio in urban/city areas was 914. Thus the group of (Rural: 933, Urban: 914, Total: 928) is completely correct. In 2011, Rajasthan's overall sex ratio recorded a net increase of 7 points (from 921 to 928) compared to the 2001 census.

Dyarchy system was introduced in the provinces by the Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms). Under this, the provincial subjects were divided into two parts – 'Reserved Subjects' and 'Transferred Subjects'. The transferred subjects were to be administered by the Governor with the assistance of Indian ministers responsible to the Legislative Council, while the reserved subjects were to be administered by the Governor through his Executive Council. Hence statement C is incorrect. At that time Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India and the provinces were given budgetary autonomy.

The main producing areas of asbestos (amphibole and chrysoprase varieties) in Rajasthan are Rishabhdev and Khairwada of Udaipur district and Sendra of Pali-Ajmer region. Hence, all three statements A, B and C are related to asbestos mining. Dabla-Singhana (Jhunjhunu) area is famous for iron ore and copper mining, it is not related to asbestos. Thus out of the four sectors given, only three sectors are related to asbestos mining.

Dr. B. R. According to Ambedkar, India has been called 'Union of States' in the Indian Constitution because the Indian Union is not the result of any agreement or contract between the states (as is the case in the American Union), and no state has any legal or constitutional right to secede from the Indian Union. India is called 'the indestructible union of destructible states'. Hence both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason gives the correct and logical explanation of the statement.

In the historic general elections of 1977, Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD), Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Congress (O) and Socialist Party (PSP/SSP) merged to form 'Janata Party' in protest against the Emergency. South India's Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and Communist Party of India (CPI) were not included in this joint opposition alliance, but CPI supported the Congress at that time. Hence DMK and CPI were not part of the Janata Party alliance.

Under the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part 4 of the Indian Constitution, Article 48 clearly states 'organization of agriculture and animal husbandry through modern and scientific systems' and prohibition of slaughter of milch animals. Talking about other options, Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is mentioned in Article 44, participation of workers in the management of industries is mentioned in Article 43A, and care and education of children below the age of 6 years is mentioned in Article 45.

This historical and famous statement was made by the former Prime Minister of India and the then Union Minister Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao had given it. Praising the then Karnataka Chief Minister Ramakrishna Hegde's model of empowering Panchayati Raj, Narasimha Rao had advocated strengthening local self-governance by rising above party politics. Later, in 1992, during the tenure of Narasimha Rao as Prime Minister, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts were passed, which gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj.

According to Article 249 of the Indian Constitution, if a resolution is passed in the Rajya Sabha by 'not less than two-thirds (2/3rd) majority of the members present and voting' that any subject in the State List is of national importance, then the Parliament can make laws on that subject for the whole of India or any part thereof. This resolution remains effective for a maximum of one year at a time. This power is one of the special federal powers of the Rajya Sabha in the Indian Union.

Under Article 145(3) of the Constitution, it has been made mandatory that in any case involving a substantial question of interpretation of the Constitution or in which advisory advice has been sought from the Supreme Court by the President under Article 143, it is necessary to have a Constitution Bench of at least 5 judges to hear it. Only a bench of 5 or more judges conducts such constitutional hearings.

The concept of Citizen's Charter was first introduced in the UK in 1991 and was adopted in India in 1997 as part of administrative reforms. It has 6 basic principles: 1. Quality (improvement in quality of services), 2. Choice (opportunity for citizens to choose), 3. Standards (set standards of service delivery), 4. Value (fair value for taxpayers' money), 5. Accountability (administrative accountability), and 6. Transparency (openness of rules and procedures).

Under the Indian Civil Security Code 2023 (BNSS), there is a provision for e-FIR and Zero FIR in Section 173, Section 105 makes audio-video recording of forensic evidence and search-seizure mandatory, and Section 356 provides for trial in absentia for fugitive criminals. Hence statements A, C and D are correct. Statement B is incorrect because under Chapter 22 (Section 289-300) of BNSS, the benefit of plea-bargaining is not given to habitual criminals, perpetrators of socio-economic crimes and those accused of serious crimes against women/children.

The special funding ratio of 90:10 in centrally sponsored major schemes and rural development programs is applicable only for North-Eastern States and Himalayan States/Union Territories (e.g. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir). Jharkhand is a non-special category (general) state, where the ratio of financial contribution between the Center and the state is generally 60:40. Therefore, Jharkhand is an exception to this 90:10 special partnership arrangement.

Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC) made several innovations for digitalization of recruitment examinations. The Commission had started the Online Application System as a pilot project in the year 2011 itself, and not in 2012. All other innovations like 'My Exam My Online Review' (2013), 'Online Answer Key Objections' (2014) and 'Visitor Management System' (2018) are correctly matched with their respective years.

President's rule has been imposed in Rajasthan four times so far (1967, 1977, 1980, 1992). In 1967, Dr. Sampurnanand and Sardar Hukum Singh, in 1977, Vedpal Tyagi and Raghukul Tilak, in 1980, Raghukul Tilak, and in 1992, Dr. M. Chenna Reddy, Dhanik Lal Mandal and Baliram Bhagat were the governors. Vasantrao Patil was the Governor of Rajasthan from 1985 to 1987, during which there was no President's rule in the state.

In the history of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, the first leader of opposition in the first assembly (1952-57) was Jaswant Singh (Bikaner) and later Tan Singh. Maharawal Laxman Singh (Dungarpur) was the Leader of Opposition in the Third Assembly (1962-67). Bhairon Singh Shekhawat became the Leader of Opposition in the Seventh Assembly (1980-85) and senior Congress leader Haridev Joshi became the Leader of Opposition in the Ninth Assembly (1990-92). Hence the correct code is A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

As per Section 184 of the Indian Civil Defense Code (BNSS) and related laws, after conducting the medical examination of the rape victim, it is mandatory for the medical practitioner to send his report to the investigating officer within 7 days (not within 14 days). This rule has been made to ensure speedy investigation and speedy justice. All other provisions remain intact in the BNS, including the provision of death penalty or life imprisonment for remaining natural life for gang rape of girls under 18 years of age.

The main cause of inflation is excessive money supply and demand in the economy. When the government increases the rates of direct taxes (like income tax, corporation tax), the disposable income of the citizens decreases. Due to less spendable money in the hands of people, demand for goods and services decreases, which stabilizes prices and controls inflation. On the contrary, increasing public expenditure or reducing taxes increases inflation further.

Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) borrows short-term funds from commercial banks or deposits their surplus funds with itself to reduce excess liquidity in the banking system. In contrast, 'repo rate' is the rate at which banks borrow from the RBI, 'bank rate' is for long-term loans, and MSF is for emergency overnight liquidity.

A separate 'Directorate of Women Empowerment' was established under the Women and Child Development Department on June 18, 2007 by the Government of Rajasthan for effective implementation of the policies of women welfare, security and economic empowerment. This directorate operates and monitors major schemes like Amrita Haat, Dhanlakshmi, Sathin System and Women Development Centers.

In the Union Budget 2025-26 of the Government of India, under the 'National Manufacturing Mission' to accelerate industrial development and manufacturing sector, an ambitious target has been set to increase the share of manufacturing sector in the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to 25 percent by the year 2035. Currently this share is between 14-16%. The objective of this mission is to make India a major center of the global supply chain.

According to the revised and actual revenue estimates of the Union Budget 2024-25, 'Income Tax' has emerged as the largest source of total tax receipts of the Government of India, which contributed about 19% to the total revenue. After this, Goods and Services Tax (GST) with about 18% and Corporation Tax with about 17% stood at second and third place respectively. There has been a significant increase in personal income tax revenues due to increased tax compliance and direct tax reforms.

According to the Human Development Report released by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), India remains in the 'Medium Human Development' category as its HDI score is less than 0.700 (about 0.644), hence statement C is correct. Among India's neighboring countries, China, Sri Lanka and Bhutan are ranked better than India, while Nepal, Pakistan and Myanmar are below, hence statement B is correct. Statement A is incorrect because the official title/theme of the 2025 report was different. Hence the correct option is only B, C and D.

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) was established in 1992 on the recommendation of the Pherwani Committee and began its operations with the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. In 2012, NSE launched the 'NSE-EMERGE' platform to facilitate capital raising for the country's emerging micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The main sensitive index of NSE is Nifty-50. Thus, all statements A, B, C and D are completely correct historically and factually.

Under 'Raj Saras Suraksha Kavach Bima Yojana' run by Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF), personal accident insurance cover is provided to registered milk producers associated with Saras Dairy. In case of death of the insured milk producer in an accident or loss of both eyes/limbs (complete permanent disability), an insurance amount of Rs 5 lakh is provided to his dependents. This scheme is an important effort to provide social and economic security cover to rural cattle farmers.

The main objective of Rajasthan Business Promotion Policy 2025 is to improve ease of doing business in the state, expand infrastructure, promote digital transactions and provide low interest loans and credit guarantee to micro and retail traders. In this policy, no binding condition of 50% mandatory export has been imposed on the traders, because this policy mainly focuses on empowerment of domestic and local trade. Hence option C is not a characteristic of policy.

The historical chronology of the establishment of these major national institutions in India is as follows: The first to be established was the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) in 1957. After this, NABARD was established on 12 July 1982 for agricultural and rural credit. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was formed in April 1988 (statutory status gained in 1992). SIDBI was established on 2 April 1990 for financing small scale industries. Hence the correct chronology is d (1957), a (1982), b (1988), c (1990).

In Rajasthan, under 'Aastha Yojana', BPL equivalent benefits are available to those families in which two or more members have 40% or more disability, but this is not applicable to other general disabled families. Whereas 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram' (PMJVK) is for the development of socio-economic infrastructure in minority dominated areas and not for desert/hilly areas. Palanhar Plan (B) and Anuprati Coaching Plan (C) are perfect with their objectives. Hence A and D are incorrect pairs.

According to the Economic Survey of Rajasthan 2025-26, Rajasthan ranks first in the production of nutritious and coarse grains (millet, jowar etc.) and first in the production of total oilseeds (especially rye-mustard) in the country. Rajasthan is also among the leading states in total pulses production. But Rajasthan does not rank third in the total foodgrain production of the country, because Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab are far ahead in production quantity. Hence option D is not matched.

At prevailing basic prices, the contribution of Services Sector is highest with about 43-44% of Gross State Value Added (GSVA) ​​of Rajasthan, hence statement A is correct. Within the agricultural sector, the share of livestock exceeds that of crops by more than 46%, hence statement B is correct. Among the sub-components of service sector, trade, repair, hotels and restaurants have the largest share, hence statement D is correct. Statement C is incorrect because the contribution of mining is not minimal compared to water supply or other items in the industry sector.

'Navanera (Nonera) Barrage' as a major component of Phase I of the Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project (ERCP) has been constructed on the Kalisindh River in Digod tehsil of Kota district. The water holding capacity of this barrage is approximately 226 million cubic meters (MCM). Through this, the additional monsoon surplus water of Kalisindh and its tributaries will be diverted for drinking water and irrigation in the water-deficient eastern districts of Banas, Morel, Banganga and Parvati basin.

In the global concept of environmental protection, waste management and sustainable development, '3R' stands for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Circular economy is based on this three-tier principle so that exploitation of natural resources is minimized and waste can be converted into valuable resources.

The correct matching of organic acids found in natural substances is as follows: Tartaric acid is found in tamarind and raw grapes (A-2); Oxalic acid is found in tomatoes and spinach (B-1); Ant and bee stings contain the irritant methanoic (formic) acid (C-3); And dilute acetic acid is present in vinegar (D-4). Hence the correct code is A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4.

Infrastructure projects in Rajasthan are being financed by various foreign institutions: the Rajasthan Urban Development Project (RUIDP) is funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (A-2); Water Sector Livelihood Improvement Project (RWSLIP) supported by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) (B-1); The DRIP project for safety of large dams in the state is funded by the World Bank (C-4); and Green Energy Corridor for renewable energy transmission supported by Germany's KfW Bank (D-3).

In computer networking, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) uses a 32-bit binary addressing system, written in decimal form in 4 octets (e.g. 192.168.1.1), resulting in approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. In contrast, the new protocol IPv6, developed in response to the increasing number of devices on the Internet, uses a 128-bit hexadecimal addressing system, providing approximately $3.4 imes 10^{38}$ unique addresses.

In amplitude modulation (AM), an AM wave is created by passing the modulating signal and carrier wave through a non-linear device and a band-pass filter (Statement A is correct). In this, the amplitude of the carrier changes according to the message and the bandwidth is $2f_m$. Statement B is false because in an amplitude modulated wave the carrier frequency ($f_c$) has amplitude $A_c$, while both sideband frequencies ($f_c + f_m$ and $f_c - f_m$) have amplitude $\mu A_c / 2$, which is not the same as the carrier amplitude.

A total of 22 indigenous satellites were launched into space by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in the 5-year time period from December 2020 to December 2025 through Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and GSLV/LVM3. Of these, 4 satellites were dedicated primarily for telecommunication and broadcasting services (e.g. CMS-01, GSAT series) and 2 satellites were dedicated to strengthening India's indigenous navigation system NAVIC (NavIC/NVS-01). The remaining satellites were related to Earth Observation (EOS), scientific research and disaster management.

When pentavalent impurities (such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony) are added to pure silicon or germanium (quadrivalent), an n-type semiconductor is obtained. In this each donor atom provides an additional free electron. As a result, in n-type semiconductor the majority charge carriers for conduction are free electrons and the minority carriers are holes. Therefore the electron concentration is much greater than the hole concentration ($n_e\gg n_h$).

Scientists at the Institute of Nano-Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, found in their research that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol compound found in abundance in green tea, prevents the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Researchers have developed nanoparticles that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​and prove to be highly effective in preventing memory loss and degeneration of nerve cells in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Hepatitis viruses infect the liver and cause inflammation and damage. Safe, highly effective, and globally approved vaccines are available for hepatitis A and hepatitis B, with even a hepatitis E vaccine approved in some countries. But due to the high genetic diversity and extremely high mutation rate in Hepatitis C virus (HCV), no effective preventive vaccine has been developed so far, although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are available for its treatment.

In the 'Coordination' conference of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), indigenous technologies were handed over to BEL for production under the Self-reliant India campaign. In this, laser guided systems were transferred to the Ghaziabad unit, radar and missile electronics to the Pune unit, advanced communication systems to the Bengaluru unit and sonar and naval weapon systems to the Hyderabad unit. Hence the correct code option is D.

World Environment Day is celebrated every year on 5 June by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The global celebration of World Environment Day 2025 was hosted by the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and its main theme focused on ending plastic pollution with the official hashtag #BeatPlasticPollution. The theme of the year 2024 was on land restitution which was hosted by Saudi Arabia.

A total of 18 biosphere reserves have been established across the country by the Government of India for biodiversity conservation. Of these, 13 biosphere reserves (e.g. Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, Sundarbans, Nanda Devi, Nokrek, Pachmarhi, Simlipal, Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Great Nicobar, Agastyamalai, Kanchenjunga, Panna etc.) have received global recognition (WNBR) under the Man and Biosphere (MAB) program of UNESCO. Nilgiri is India's first and Rann of Kutch is the largest biosphere reserve. Hence option D is correct.

In food chemistry, the sweetness of artificial sweeteners is compared to that of sucrose (common table sugar). Assuming a sucrose value of 1: aspartame is about 100 times sweeter, saccharin about 550 times, sucralose about 600 times sweeter, while alitame is about 2000 times sweeter than sucrose. Due to its extremely high sweetness potential, it is quite difficult to control sweetness when using it in foods.

Edible vaccines are produced by inserting antigen genes into genetically modified transgenic plants (such as tomato, potato, maize or banana) and not by bacteria, hence statement A is false and statement B is true. These vaccines are taken orally, eliminating the pain of injection, saving the cost of cold-chain storage, and directly activating the intestinal mucosal immune response, so statements C and D are true.

In mixed fish farming system, 5-6 different fish species with different levels of feeding habits are reared together in the same pond. Catla eats plankton from the surface, Rohu eats at the middle level and Mrigal and Common Carp eat decaying matter found at the bottom. Grass carp eat aquatic weeds. This natural division of food ensures full utilization of all the resources of the pond and eliminates inter-species competition.

'Anogyssus sericea vera' by Rajasthan State Biodiversity Board (RSBB) and botanists. 'Nummularia' (Anogeissus sericea var. nummularia) is listed as a Critically Endangered tree species in the state. This tree plays an important role in preventing soil erosion and providing fodder and fuel in the semi-arid ecosystem of Rajasthan, but its existence is seriously threatened due to habitat fragmentation and over-exploitation.

Bringing petroleum products under GST will introduce a uniform tax structure across the country, industries will get the benefit of Input Tax Credit (ITC) in the supply chain which will reduce the cost of production and boost the national economy, hence Argument I is logically very strong. Argument II claims that the economy of the states will be 'destroyed', which is an exaggerated and weak argument since the states have the right to make revenue compensation and adjustments in the GST Council.

As per the eligibility conditions of the prestigious 'Rajasthan Young Scientist Award' given by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan, it is mandatory for the applicant young scientist/researcher to have at least 2 years of continuous work experience of teaching or scientific research in a recognized higher educational institution, university or research laboratory (R&D Lab) located in the state.

According to the problem: There are a total of 9 cards (4 Kings, 4 Queens, 1 Joker). Q has 2 cards and both are kings. Each has at least 1 king, so P will have 1 king and R will have 1 king (total 2+1+1=4 kings completed). R has maximum 4 cards and does not have joker, so joker will be with P. Now 3 cards of P are completed (1 King + 1 Joker + 1 Queen). Hence, the remaining 3 cards of R will necessarily be 3 queens. Thus R has 3 queens.

Equipping law enforcement agencies (police) with modern digital forensic tools and technical training for prevention and prompt control of cyber crimes is a practical and necessary administrative step (Action I is correct). Also making the general public aware about online fraud, phishing and password security is the primary preventive measure to stop crimes (Action II is correct). Therefore, both the actions are completely logical and suitable for solving the problem.

In this coding system, a certain mathematical and position-based substitution rule has been applied to the alphabetical position of each letter. When the same coding rule is systematically applied to each letter of the word 'DYNAMICS', the new code obtained is 'BMGAGEBJ'. Hence the correct option is C.

On analyzing the relations: 1. D is father (Male-1). 2. D has only two children F and E and 1 son, hence F is son (male-2) and E is daughter (female). 3. E is married to G, hence G is son-in-law/husband (male-3). 4. G has one son H (Male-4). 5. Since G has only 1 son H, hence the other two children of E are daughters (females) K and J. 6. L is married to K (female), hence L is the husband of (male-5). Thus there are total 5 male members in the family (D, F, G, H, L).

In Successive Division, the number is calculated backwards by considering the last quotient as 1: dividing the last divisor by 8 leaves a remainder of 4, hence the last number = $(1 imes 8) + 4 = 12$. In the second step, when divided by the divisor 7, the remainder remains 3, hence number = $(12 imes 7) + 3 = 84 + 3 = 87$. In the first step, when divided by the divisor 5, the remainder remains 2, hence the original number = $(87 imes 5) + 2 = 435 + 2 = 437$ is obtained. Hence the required number is 437.

Let the part of A be $3x$ and the part of B be $2x$. According to the question $A - B = 3x - 2x = x = 30$ Rs. Hence, A's total share = $3 imes 30 = Rs 90$ and B's share = $2 imes 30 = Rs 60$. Now C's share is Rs 120 more than A's share, i.e. C's share = $90 + 120 = Rs 210$. Since the ratio unit is $x = 30$, the ratio value of C will be $K = 210 / 30 = 7$. Hence the required value of K is 7.

This mixed series has a different pattern of numbers and letters: The first and third components are pairs of consecutive prime numbers: (2, 3), (3, 5), (5, 7), (7, 11), so the next prime pair will be (11, 13). The place values ​​of the letters in between are in order of decreasing difference: V(22) - 3 = S(19), S(19) - 4 = O(15), O(15) - 5 = I(9), so the next letter will be I(9) - 6 = C(3). Thus the next term of the series becomes 11 C 13.

The formula for humidity coefficient is = Average annual rainfall / Average annual temperature. By calculating the given data, we get: Coefficient of City A = 75 / 21 = 3.57, Coefficient of City B = 86 / 17 = 5.06, Coefficient of City C = 68 / 17 = 4.00, and Coefficient of City D = 70 / 24 = 2.92. Comparing all these values, it is clear that city B has the highest humidity coefficient of 5.06.

The water color artworks of senior painter Sushma Mahajan were displayed in the "Melody of Colours" exhibition organized from 17 to 19 January 2026 at the renowned art center of Jaipur. In this exhibition, the diverse colors of nature, human sensibilities and Rajasthani culture were given a lively form through paintings, which was highly appreciated by the art lovers.

Difference of time period = 3.5 – 2 = 1.5 years. Simple interest for 1.5 years = 996 – 912 = Rs 84. Hence, simple interest for 1 year = 84 / 1.5 = Rs 56. Therefore, total simple interest for 2 years will be = 56 × 2 = Rs 112. Principal = Compound – Interest = 912 – 112 = Rs 800. Hence the required principal amount is ₹800.

In the 26th National Youth Parliament Competition 2024-25 organized by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Government of India, PM Shri Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Suratgarh (Sriganganagar-II) of Rajasthan won the 'Nehru Running Shield' by securing first position in the entire country on the basis of its excellent parliamentary presentation and logical debate ability. This competition is organized every year to develop democratic values, parliamentary procedures and leadership skills among school students.

The main objective of 'Prerna Abhiyan 2.0' run by the Women and Child Development Department of the Government of Rajasthan was to survey all the eligible children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls who were left out of Anganwadi and nutrition services, register them and ensure nutrition services, hence statements B, C and D are correct. Statement A is incorrect because the actual time frame and phase wise dates of operation of the campaign were different. Hence only B, C and D are correct.

'Bamanwas-Kankar' Gram Panchayat of newly formed district Kotputli-Behror of Rajasthan achieved the historic achievement of becoming the first fully certified organic Gram Panchayat of the state in January 2026. The farmers here have completely stopped using chemical fertilizers and pesticides and have made farming a profitable model by adopting natural biochar, vermicompost and organic methods.

'Shri Dwarka Prasad Aggarwal Samman' instituted by Dainik Bhaskar Group was awarded to versatile actor, director and lyricist Piyush Mishra for his creative contribution at the Jaipur Literature Festival in January 2026 (Statements A, C, D are correct). Statement B is incorrect as this prestigious national award was instituted in the year 2016 and not 2020.

The author of this popular book is famous writer and historian Hindol Sengupta. In this book, the founder of International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), Acharya A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada's extraordinary leadership, management skills and life struggles in establishing a huge spiritual and social organization on a global scale at the age of 70 are analyzed.

In the 72nd Senior National Volleyball Championship (January 2026) held in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan women's volleyball team performed brilliantly and won the bronze medal by defeating the strong team of Haryana in a tough match for the third place and increased the prestige of the state at the national level.

Ocean research ship 'INS Sagardhwani' of Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) was launched from Kochi on 'Sagar Maitri-5' (SM-5) mission. The objective of this mission is to strengthen marine and scientific research cooperation with eight coastal countries of the Indian Ocean region under India's 'SAGAR' (Security and Growth for All in the Region) policy.

In the Rajasthan Budget 2026-27, an important announcement has been made to expand the 'Rajasthan Foundation' and open 14 new chapters in various metros of India and major foreign cities with the aim of connecting non-resident Rajasthanis with the culture, social concerns and economic investment of their motherland.

K.D. of New Delhi Rising shuttler Lin Chun-Yi of Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) won her first Super 750 title by defeating a world-class opponent in the men's singles final at the prestigious 'Yonex-Sunrise India Open 2026' badminton tournament held at the Jadhav Indoor Stadium.

Indian Navy's 'Lokayan-26' is a historic inter-oceanic sailing operation, which is being conducted by the sail training ship 'INS Sudarshini'. The ship will visit 18 ports of 13 friendly countries over a period of 10 months, showcasing India's ancient maritime trade routes, diplomatic goodwill and seafaring traditions. Hence all the statements are true.

The 31st Annual Critics' Choice Awards 2026 received awards in the Best Film, Best Actor and Best Actress categories, but the Best Director award was not given to Wade Eastwood (Wade Eastwood is primarily associated with action and stunt direction). Hence option D is not matched.

Famous Indian Winter Olympian Arif Mohammad Khan, who hails from Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, has secured the official qualifying quota for India in the 'Slalom Skiing' event of alpine skiing for the 'Milano-Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics' to be held in Italy. He is India's leading skier to qualify for two consecutive Winter Olympics.

The captaincy of the state's senior women's team for the BCCI Senior Women's ODI Trophy 2025-26, organized at the national level by the Rajasthan Cricket Association (RCA), was handed over to experienced player Sumitra Jat. Under his captaincy the team performed brilliantly in the group stage.

Mette Frederiksen is the Prime Minister of Denmark. Recently she has been at the center of international diplomatic discussions regarding Greenland's strategic geopolitical importance, autonomy negotiations related to mineral resource exploitation and climate change.

The second phase of unification of Rajasthan was completed on 25 March 1948, in which 9 princely states and 1 place together became 'East Rajasthan'. In the third phase (18 April 1948), with the merger of Mewar (Udaipur), 'United Rajasthan' was formed, whose head was Maharana Bhupal Singh, inaugurated by Pandit Nehru and Manikyal Lal Verma became the Prime Minister. Hence all the statements are historically true.

According to Kautilya and Shukraneeti, 9 types of forts have been described. Siwana Fort (Balotra) is a 'Giri Fort' situated on 56 hills (Haldeshwar Hill) and is a 'Forest Fort' due to being surrounded by dense bushes and forests all around. 'Parikh Fort' is one which has a deep moat around it (like Lohagarh Fort of Bharatpur). Gagron Fort is the best water (Audak) fort situated at the confluence of Ahu and Kalisindh rivers and Jaisalmer Fort is Dhanvan Fort situated in the sea of ​​sand. Hence option B is not matched.

The Songara Chauhan dynasty of Jalore was founded by Kirtipal (Kitu). The correct chronology of its major rulers is as follows: 1. Udai Singh (1205-1257 AD), who faced the attacks of Iltutmish and Nasiruddin Mahmud; 2. Chachig Dev (1257-1282 AD); 3. Samant Singh (1282-1305 AD); And 4. The last and most glorious ruler, Kanhaddev (1305-1311 AD), who led the historic Shaka and Jauhar against Alauddin Khilji in 1311. Hence the correct order is C, A, B, D.

The correct tally of folk dances of Rajasthan is as follows: Bam dance is performed by men with big drums (bam) on the arrival of new crop in Alwar-Bharatpur (Mewat region) (A-3); Walar dance is a famous couple dance performed in slow tempo without any musical instrument by the Garasia tribe of Sirohi district (B-1); Dhol dance is performed in 'Thankana style' by Mali and Dholi community in Jalore on the occasion of marriage (C-4); And the fire dance is performed by the Siddhas of Jasnathi sect in Katariasar of Bikaner while chanting 'Fateh-Fateh' on the blazing embers (D-2). Hence the correct code option is A.

The 10 major state level cattle fairs organized by Rajasthan Animal Husbandry Department include: 1. Chandrabhaga Cattle Fair (for Jhalrapatan - Malvi breed), 2. Shri Mallinath Cattle Fair (for Tilwara - Tharparkar and Kankrej breed), and 3. Shri Veer Tejaji Cattle Fair (for Parbatsar - Nagori bulls), hence A, B and D are cattle fairs. Sitabari fair (Baran) is a major religious and cultural folk fair considered to be 'Kumbh' of Sahariya tribe, it is not a cattle fair. Hence the correct answer is A, B and D only.

The Kota style of Hadoti painting was not separated from the Jaipur style, but developed as an independent style during the time of Maharao Ram Singh in the 17th century, separate from the 'Bundi style'. Hence statement C is incorrect. The main feature of Kota style is the vivid depiction of scenes of queens and feudal lords hunting in dense forests (especially during the period of Maharao Umed Singh) and the devotional influence of Lord Shri Krishna and Pushtimargiya Vallabh sect during the time of Maharao Bhim Singh.

'Band Baretha Wildlife Sanctuary' is located in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan. This area was historically the main hunting ground of the Jat rulers of Bharatpur princely state. Here, Baretha Dam was constructed on the Kukund River by the then Maharaja Ram Singh of Bharatpur in 1897. This sanctuary is also called the 'Home of Birds' due to the natural migration of a variety of rare aquatic birds.

Prayag-Prashasti (Allahabad pillar inscription) was composed by Emperor Samudra Gupta's great commander and court poet Harishena in pure 'Sanskrit' language and Brahmi script, and not in Prakrit language. Hence statement D is incorrect. This prashasti is an excellent example of 'Champu style', a beautiful blend of prose and poetry, in which Samudra Gupta's conquests of Aryavarta, Dakshinapatha and border states (Digvijay) are systematically mentioned.

The founder of the Chishti order in India was the great Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (Gharib Nawaz). He came to India from Sanjar (Sistan) in Central Asia during the invasion of Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori in 1192 AD and made Ajmer in Rajasthan the main center of his spiritual practice and service to humanity. He gave the message of love, tolerance and brotherhood among all sections of the society through Qawwali (Sama).

'Agni Dance' is performed by the adept men of Jasnathi sect by walking on the burning embers (Dhunna), which is related to Katariasar. 'Ghudla dance' is a popular historical folk dance of Marwar (Jodhpur), which is performed by women in the month of Chaitra by placing a lamp in a perforated pot to commemorate the defeat of Mallu Khan's commander Ghudle Khan. It has no connection with the Jasnathi sect. Hence statement D is false.

There were three major systems of land revenue during the British rule: 1. Permanent Settlement (1793) in Bengal-Bihar by Cornwallis; 2. Ryotwari system in Madras by Thomas Munro and Captain Reed, in which farmers paid revenue directly to the company; and 3. The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie (1822) in the North-West Province and Punjab. Hence all the statements are factually correct.

On 9 August 1925, revolutionaries of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) looted an 8-down train carrying government treasury at Kakori station near Lucknow. In this case, Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri were given death sentence by the British government. Gopinath Saha was a revolutionary from Bengal who attempted to assassinate Kolkata Police Commissioner Charles Taggart in 1924. He was not associated with the Kakori incident.

Raja Rammohan Roy, the father of the renaissance of modern India, wrote the famous book 'Tuhfat-ul-Muwahideen' (Gift to the Monotheists) in Persian language (with Arabic preface) in the year 1803-04. In this book, he made a strong rational opposition to the superstitions, priestism, polytheism and idol worship prevalent in all religions and strongly advocated the oneness of God (monotheism).

During the Sultanate period, 'Dabir-e-Khas' (or Dabir-e-Mumalik) was the chief secretary of Diwan-e-Insha i.e. the department of state correspondence and confidential orders. The chief officer of the Sultan's personal bodyguards was called 'Sar-e-Zandar'. All other posts: Barid-e-Mumalik (information and intelligence), head of Diwan-e-Arz (military department), and Sadr-us-Sudoor (religious grant) are correctly matched. Hence option D is wrong.

The Drakensberg Mountain range is located in the southern part of the African continent (South Africa and Lesotho), not in Australia. Its highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana. The Great Dividing Range (Eastern Ranges of Australia), the Great Sandy Desert and the Great Victoria Desert are the most famous major geomorphic formations of the Australian continent.

The 31st annual Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP-31) is proposed to be held in the famous coastal city of Antalya in Turkey in the year 2026. This conference will focus on reducing carbon emissions at the global level, reviewing the goals of the Paris Agreement and climate financing. COP-28 was held in Dubai (UAE) and COP-29 was held in Baku (Azerbaijan).

According to the circular shape of the globe (Great Circle Route), the shortest, direct and busiest sea route between the port of San Francisco located on the western Pacific coast of America and Singapore, the gateway to Asia, passes through the 'North Pacific Route'. Other routes, such as the Cape of Good Hope or the Suez Canal, are much longer in distance due to detours across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

After independence, Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh of Manipur, under public pressure, conducted historic elections for the Legislative Assembly in June 1948. With this, Manipur became the first part of India to conduct elections on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise. In September 1949, the Government of India secured the complete integration of Manipur into the Union of India by signing the Instrument of Accession with the Maharaja. Hence all the statements are true.

The famous 'Bailadila Iron-ore Mine' is currently located in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh state and not in Madhya Pradesh (this area came to Chhattisgarh after the formation of Chhattisgarh in the year 2000). High grade hematite ore is found in abundance here which is exported to Japan through Visakhapatnam port. Gurumahisani in Odisha (Mayurbhanj), Salem in Tamil Nadu and Dharwad in Karnataka are the perfect pair.

According to USDA soil classification, 'Inceptisols' soil is found on about 39.74% of the total geographical area of ​​India, which is the most widespread soil group in the country. It is mainly found in the vast plains and deltaic areas of Ganga-Brahmaputra. After this, Entisols (about 28%) come in second place and Alfisols (about 13%) come in third place. Black soil is classified under Vertisols group.

Under the Golden Quadrilateral project, the 3300 km long 'East-West Corridor' connects Silchar in Assam with Porbandar in Gujarat. This corridor starts from Silchar and goes to Porbandar via Guwahati (Assam), Muzaffarpur (Bihar), Gorakhpur and Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Jhansi, Shivpuri (Madhya Pradesh), and Kota and Chittorgarh (Rajasthan). The city of Prayagraj (Allahabad) in Uttar Pradesh is located on the main Delhi-Kolkata route of the 'Golden Quadrilateral', it is not located on the East-West corridor.

The National Air Quality Index (National AQI), launched in 2014 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), includes 8 major pollutants to measure air quality: 1. PM10, 2. PM2.5, 3. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 4. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), 5. Carbon monoxide (CO), 6. Ozone (O3), 7. Ammonia (NH3), and 8. Lead (Pb). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas, it is not included as an air pollutant in the air quality index.

The shallow lakes, lagoons and backwaters found on the 'Malabar Coast' of Kerala state on the western coast of India are called 'Kayals' in the local language. The biggest and famous Kayals of Kerala are 'Vembanad Kayal' and 'Ashtamudi Kayal'. These Kayals are used locally for fishing, inland water transportation and organizing the famous 'Nehru Trophy Vallam Kali' (boat race).